Biotherapeutics, such as recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies, have become
mainstays of modern medicine as shown by their increasing number in the WHO Model List …

Public health voluntary licensing of intellectual property has successfully been applied to
increase access to medicines in certain disease areas, producing health benefits and …

The present document provides the take of innovation economists on the COVID-19
pandemic. It targets the general public and focuses on questions related to the Science …

From October to November, 2021, the pharmaceutical firms Merck and Pfizer licensed their
new COVID-19 oral antiviral medications to the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP). 1 In both …

We study the effects of the Medicines Patent Pool–an institution that pools patents across
geographical markets–on the licensing and adoption of life-saving drugs in low-and middle …

After a brief analysis of the causes underlying the failure of both governments and the
pharma industry in terms of preparedness for the COVID‐19 pandemic, and after a …

Governed through the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) since 1995, the current medical R&D system requires …

International procurement institutions have played an important role in drug supply. This
paper studies price, delivery, and procurement lead time of drug supply for major infectious …

Pharmaceutical products have contributed to longer life expectancy and better quality of life
in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, they often account for a significant share of …

This note discusses, through selected country case studies, how digital health records and
telemedicine can improve delivery quality, access to underserved populations, and resource …