Deep-sea polymetallic nodules (PMN) hold promise as a future resource, with various
consortia like MOES, IOM, GSR, KORDI, and COMRA actively exploring mining possibilities …

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining's likely impacts is
necessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations …

Commercial deep sea mining (DSM) stands at a threshold as both national and global legal
regimes seek to move beyond exploration of the seabed towards its exploitation. As an …

Midwater animal biodiversity: Squid, fish, shrimp, copepods, medusa, filter-feeding jellies,
and marine worms are among the midwater creatures that could be affected by deep sea …

Abstract In 2017, more than 15,000 scientists from 184 countries signed a second warning
letter to humanity to caution against our continued wholesale destruction of global …

Deep-sea mining may be just a few years away and yet society is struggling to assess the
positive aspects, such as increasing the supply of metals for battery production to fuel the …

The deep pelagic ocean is increasingly subjected to human-induced environmental change.
While pelagic animals provide important ecosystem functions including climate regulation …

Macrofauna are an abundant and diverse component of abyssal benthic communities and
are likely to be heavily impacted by polymetallic nodule mining in the Clarion-Clipperton …

In the context of a climate crisis and accelerating green transition, companies are scrambling
to secure supply over the coming decades, including through artisanal mining (ASM) and …

The social license to operate (SLO) is an informal social contract that aims to bridge the gap
among the views of the most important stakeholders involved in mining activities. The …