All living things depend on their natural environment, either directly or indirectly, for their
high quality of life, growth, nutrition, and development. Due to the fast emissions of …

Abstract Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is collected, transported, and disposed of in an
unorganized and disordered manner in lower-and middle-income countries. Improper waste …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

The performance evaluation of grid-connected hybrid systems mainly depends on the costs,
reliability and GHG reduction of the system. Multi-Objective optimization of a grid-connected …

Humans directly change the dynamics of the water cycle through dams constructed for water
storage, and through water withdrawals for industrial, agricultural, or domestic purposes …

Despite the continued increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, the annual-
mean global temperature has not risen in the twenty-first century,, challenging the prevailing …

Climate change can have profound impacts on biodiversity and the sustainability of many
ecosystems. Various studies have investigated the impacts of climate change, but large …

Renewable energy technologies, which include wind turbines, biomass and photovoltaics,
are extensively utilized in the generation of electricity in an island zones. Stand-a-lone …

An extreme (weather or climate) event is generally defined as the occurrence of a value of a
weather or climate variable above (or below) a threshold value near the upper (or lower) …

Climate change is recognized as the most conspicuous and leading threat to the global
agricultural system, particularly for developing countries. Pre-service and in-service training …