Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme for redox reactions, making it
central to energy metabolism. NAD+ is also an essential cofactor for non-redox NAD+ …

Neurons are highly susceptible to DNA damage accumulation due to their large energy
requirements, elevated transcriptional activity, and long lifespan. While newer research has …

Differential evolution of apoptosis, programmed necrosis, and autophagy, parthanatos is a
form of cell death mediated by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which is caused by …

Zinc is one of the most abundant metal ions in the central nervous system (CNS), where it
plays a crucial role in both physiological and pathological brain functions. Zinc promotes …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intractable progressive neurodegenerative disease
characterized by cognitive decline and dementia. An inflammatory neurodegenerative …

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease
(PD), are characterized by progressive memory loss and motor impairment. Aging is a major …

Clearing cellular debris after brain injury represents an important mechanism in regaining
tissue homeostasis and promoting functional recovery. Triggering receptor expressed on …

Aerobes require oxygen for metabolism and normal free radical formation. As a result,
maintaining the redox homeostasis is essential for brain cell survival due to their high …

The importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in human physiology is well
recognized. As the NAD+ concentration in human skin, blood, liver, muscle and brain are …

Parthanatos is a form of regulated cell death involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases,
particularly neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease …