Living systems operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Enzymatic activity can induce
broken detailed balance at the molecular scale. This molecular scale breaking of detailed …

Biological systems display a rich phenomenology of states that resemble the physical states
of matter-solid, liquid and gas. These phases result from the interactions between the …

We study the statistical properties of active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUPs). In this
simplest of models, the Gaussian white noise of overdamped Brownian colloids is replaced …

Active systems evade the rules of equilibrium thermodynamics by constantly dissipating
energy at the level of their microscopic components. This energy flux stems from the …

Actin plays roles in many important cellular processes, including cell motility, organelle
movement, and cell signaling. The discovery of transmembrane actin-binding proteins at the …

Living cells are viscoelastic materials, dominated by an elastic response on timescales
longer than a millisecond. On shorter timescales, the dynamics of individual cytoskeleton …

Active-matter systems operate far from equilibrium because of the continuous energy
injection at the scale of constituent particles. At larger scales, described by coarse-grained …

The life and death of an organism rely on correct cell division, which occurs through the
process of mitosis. Although the biochemical signalling and morphogenetic processes …

Entropy production is the hallmark of nonequilibrium physics, quantifying irreversibility,
dissipation, and the efficiency of energy transduction processes. Despite many efforts, its …

Because of its nonequilibrium character, active matter in a steady state can drive engines
that autonomously deliver work against a constant mechanical force or torque. As a generic …