For the current generation of earth system models participating in the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the range of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS …

Globally, thermodynamics explains an increase in atmospheric water vapor with warming of
around 7%/° C near to the surface. In contrast, global precipitation and evaporation are …

An overview of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) is provided,
including a discussion of the challenges encountered during its development and how they …

Equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global surface temperature response to CO doubling, has
been persistently uncertain. Recent consensus places it likely within 1.5–4.5 K. Global …

This paper describes the GISS‐E2. 1 contribution to the Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6). This model version differs from the predecessor model (GISS‐E2) …

While climate change mitigation targets necessarily concern maximum mean state changes,
understanding impacts and developing adaptation strategies will be largely contingent on …

Working Group I (WGI) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assesses
the current evidence on the physical science of climate change, evaluating knowledge …

The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented
and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System …

In recent decades, Arctic sea-ice coverage underwent a drastic decline in winter, when sea
ice is expected to recover following the melting season. It is unclear to what extent …

Outputs from new state‐of‐the‐art climate models under the Coupled Model Inter‐
comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) promise improvement and enhancement of climate …