Papers on sexual selection often highlight the incredible diversity of sexually selected traits
across animals. Yet, few studies have tried to explain why this diversity evolved. Animals use …

Avian plumage has captivated scientists and the public alike for generations and has been a
fundamental study system for research into signal evolution. By contrast, relatively little …

Visual ornaments have long been assumed to evolve hyper‐allometry as an outcome of
sexual selection. Yet growing evidence suggests many sexually selected morphologies can …

Dewlaps of Anolis lizards are complex multicomponent signaling devices that have been
intensively studied. Yet, the functions and multiple messages conveyed by the dewlap …

It has been argued that disproportionately larger ornaments in bigger males—positive
allometry—is the outcome of sexual selection operating on the size of condition dependent …

Fishes in Lagoons and Estuaries in the Mediterranean 2 extensively covers the systematic,
biological, ecological, behavioral and genetic aspects of the sedentary fishes that spend …

Female choice is often assumed to be based on absolute preference, driven by a threshold
value of mate attractiveness. However, increasing evidence suggests that females may …

Background Intrasexual competition over access to resources can lead to aggression
between individuals. Because overt aggression, ie fights, can be costly for contestants, the …

The function and maintenance of the immune system impose costs that can take the form of
energy consumption and/or physiological side effects. These, in turn, can affect the …

Boldness is defined as the tendency of an individual to take risks when exposed to novel
objects or situations. The main aim of this work was to dilucidate if boldness was related to …