A revised six-kingdom system of life is presented, down to the level of infraphylum. As in my
1983 system Bacteria are treated as a single kingdom, and eukaryotes are divided into only …

Systema Naturae includes representatives of every major lineage of the animal phylum
Cnidaria. However, Linnaeus did not classify the members of the phylum as is now done …

Abstract Model organisms are widely used in research as accessible and convenient
systems to study a particular area or question in biology. Traditionally only a handful of …

As arguably the simplest free-living animals, placozoans may represent a primitive
metazoan form, yet their biology is poorly understood. Here we report the sequencing and …

Scyphozoa have attracted the attention of many types of people. Naturalists watch their
graceful locomotion. Fishermen may dread the swarms which can prevent fishing or eat …

Mitochondrial genes have been used extensively in population genetic and
phylogeographical analyses, in part due to a high rate of nucleotide substitution in animal …

Modularity in Development and Evolution offers the first sustained exploration of modules
from developmental and evolutionary perspectives. Contributors discuss what modularity is …

The Wnt gene family encodes secreted signalling molecules that control cell fate in animal
development and human diseases. Despite its significance, the evolution of this metazoan …

Cnidaria, the sister group to Bilateria, is a highly diverse group of animals in terms of
morphology, lifecycles, ecology, and development. How this diversity originated and evolved …

To investigate the evolution of cnidarian life cycles, data from the small subunit of the
ribosome are used to derive a phylogenetic hypothesis for Medusozoa. These data indicate …