Polysaccharides are abundant natural polymers, which in nature are at times covalently
modified with peptides and proteins. Polysaccharide–protein or polysaccharide–peptide …

Pneumococcal infections continue to pose a significant global health concern, necessitating
the development of effective vaccines. Despite the progress shown by pneumococcal …

To establish a safer and more effective vaccine against pneumococcal respiratory infections,
current knowledge regarding the antigens common among pneumococcal strains and …

Current polysaccharide-based pneumococcal vaccines are effective but not compatible with
all serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We previously developed an adjuvant-free …

In the presence of normal serum, complement component C3 is deposited on pneumococci
primarily via the classical pathway. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a major …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), or the pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive bacterium that
colonizes the upper airway. Spn is an opportunistic pathogen capable of life-threatening …

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are technologically and commercially important and have various
beneficial effects on human health. Several studies have demonstrated that certain LAB …

The polysaccharide capsule is a major virulence mechanism of Streptococcus pneumoniae,
shielding the bacterium from phagocytes. Capsule types may differ in their abilities to resist …

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a surface molecule on pneumococci that is
required for full virulence in mouse models of infection. PspA has been reported to inhibit …

An increase in the appearance of nonvaccine serotypes in both children and adults with
invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine …