Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be the leading cause of HIV-related deaths
globally. However, since HIV-associated TB frequently remains unascertained, we …

Tuberculosis (TB) in children has been less of a public health priority in recent years, despite
the fact that TB is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Data …

This monograph on the epidemiological basis of tuberculosis control aims to provide
important figures/graphics for this module of the international courses on tuberculosis control …

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are classified as upper respiratory tract infections (URIs)
or lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs). The upper respiratory tract consists of the airways …

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has historically been one of the leading causes of disease
among persons with AIDS. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in …

Background Accurate information about specific causes of death in African children dying of
respiratory illnesses is scarce, and can only be obtained by autopsy. We undertook a study …

Background No trials of co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) prophylaxis for HIV-
infected adults or children have been done in areas with high levels of bacterial resistance …

Background Bloodstream infection is a common cause of hospitalization, morbidity and
death in children. The impact of antimicrobial resistance and HIV infection on outcome is not …

Objective. To compare morbidity and mortality of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-
1)-infected and HIV-1-uninfected children and to identify predictors of acquired …

Tuberculosis is increasing in prevalence in many countries and is now the leading infectious
cause of death world wide, being responsible for three million deaths annually. Infection with …