The extracellular regulated kinase/microtubule-associated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK)
signalling pathway transduces signals that cause an alteration in the ongoing metabolic …

Astrocytes are known to be critical regulators of neuronal function. However, relatively few
mediators of astrocyte to neuron communication have been identified. Recent …

Brain development is a dynamic and lengthy process that includes cell proliferation,
migration, neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, and pruning. Disruption of any of …

An embryo's in-utero exposure to ethanol due to a mother's alcohol drinking results in a
range of deficits in the child that are collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders …

Epigenetic regulation has become a key focus of neuroscience and biopsychiatry,
implicating DNA methylation, histone modification and other epigenetic mechanisms in …

Ca2+ signaling plays a significant role in the development of the vertebrate nervous system
where it regulates neurite growth as well as synapse and neurotransmitter specification …

The adverse use of alcohol is a serious global public health problem. Maternal alcohol
consumption during pregnancy usually causes prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the …

Neural precursor cells (NPCs), derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), with their unique
ability to generate multiple neuronal and glial cell types are extremely useful for …

Background Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are common, seen in 1–5% of the
population in the USA and Canada. Children diagnosed with FASD are not likely to remain …

Developing brain cells express many proteins but little is known of how their protein
composition responds to chronic exposure to alcohol and/or how such changes might relate …