The amphetamine derivative (±)-3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is
a popular recreational drug among young people, particularly those involved in the dance …

Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of sperm cell and oocyte during fertilization to
produce the diploid zygote. In mammals complex changes in the plasma membrane of the …

The opioid system modulates several physiological processes, including analgesia, the
stress response, the immune response and neuroendocrine function. Pharmacological and …

Cell‐surface receptors acquire information from the extracellular environment and
coordinate intracellular responses. Many receptors do not operate as individual entities, but …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of cell-surface receptors.
These receptors are natural allosteric proteins because agonist-mediated signaling by …

Heptahelical receptors that interact with heterotrimeric G proteins represent the largest
family of proteins involved in signal transduction across biological membranes. Although …

The superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) could be subclassified into 7
families (A, B, large N-terminal family B-7 transmembrane helix, C, Frizzled/Smoothened …

In human beings, two forms of GnRH, termed GnRH-I and GnRH-II, encoded by separate
genes have been identified. Although these hormones share comparable cDNA and …

This review summarizes the latest advances that have been made to elucidate the
somatostatinergic system in respect to somatostatin receptor evolution, the development of …

The molecular basis for the known intramembrane receptor/receptor interactions among G
protein-coupled receptors was postulated to be heteromerization based on receptor subtype …