Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in
human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases …

Biopharmaceuticals is a rapidly emerging field that explores and employs biological
organisms and their products for therapeutic applications. Enzymes are remarkable …

Annually, a huge amount of waste is generated by the industries that use agricultural
biomass. Researchers have looked into employing this cheap and renewable agro-biomass …

Intratumoral microbiota has become research hotspots, and emerges as a non-negligent
new component of tumor microenvironments (TME), due to its powerful influence on tumor …

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are elongated, hollow cylindrical nanotubes
made of sp2 carbon. MWCNTs have attracted significant attention in the area of drug …

Metabolic differences between normal and cancerous cells have been used as a point of
view for developing anticancer drugs. Some degrading enzymes of certain amino acids …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and has a
poor prognosis. Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is highly expressed in HCC …

Extensive studies have shown that cancer cells have specific nutrient auxotrophy and thus
have much a higher demand for certain nutrients than normal cells. Amino acid deprivation …

Recently, there has been renewed interest in metabolic therapy for cancer, particularly in
amino acid deprivation by enzymes. L-asparaginase was approved for the treatment of …

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) has recently emerged as an important therapeutic
enzyme with several biomedical applications. The enzyme catabolizes l-phenylalanine to …