The top of Earth's liquid outer core is nearly 2900 km beneath Earth's surface, so we will
never be able to observe it directly. This hot, dense, molten iron‐rich body is continuously in …

The existence, spatial distribution, and style of volcanism on terrestrial planets is an
expression of their internal dynamics and evolution. On Earth a physical link has been …

More than 400 years ago William Gilbert said, ÒThe Earth itself is a great magnet. Ó Today,
we know that it is also a great magnetic tape recorder. This work is a comprehensive, up-to …

We present a new model of the magnetic field at the core–mantle boundary for the interval
1590–1990. The model, called gufm1, is based on a massive new compilation of historical …

Topics involved in studies of the Earth's magnetic field and its secular variation range from
the intricate observations of geomagnetism, to worldwide studies of archeomagnetism and …

A three-dimensional, self-consistent numerical model of the geodynamo is described, that
maintains a magnetic field for over 40,000 years. The model, which incorporates a finitely …

The main magnetic field of the Earth is a complex phenomenon. To understand its origins in
the fluid of the Earth's core, and how it changes in time requires a variety of mathematical …

New data are presented here that document the previously poorly known magnetic
characteristics of sedimentary greigite (Fe3S4). Several diagnostic magnetic properties can …

THE Earth's most active zone of mantle seismicity arises from the subduction of the Pacific
plate at the Tonga trench1. It is not known why this slab generates so many more …

A long and continuous record of the geomagnetic field intensity shows that intensity
variations are dominated by two modes. Major episodes of field regeneration prevail on …