The sensation that develops as a long breath hold continues is what this article is about. We
term this sensation of an urge to breathe 'air hunger'. Air hunger, a primal sensation, alerts …

Breathing is peculiar among autonomic functions through several characteristics. It
generates a very rich afferent traffic from an array of structures belonging to the respiratory …

Interoception, the perception of internal bodily states, is thought to be inextricably linked to
affective qualities such as anxiety. Although interoception spans sensory to metacognitive …

Respiration protocols have been developed to manipulate mental states, including their use
for therapeutic purposes. In this systematic review, we discuss evidence that respiration may …

Research question We previously reported that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the motor
thalamus, in a patient with post-stroke tremor, relieved breathlessness associated with …

The neural efficiency hypothesis was investigated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging
was used to study the differences in brain activity between athletes imagining performing …

The endogenous opioidergic system is critically involved in the cognitive modulation of pain.
Slow-breathing-based techniques are widely used nonpharmacological approaches to …

This study compared the multidimensional breathlessness response to incremental
cardiopulmonary cycle exercise testing (CPET) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary …

Soccer is a sport that requires athletes to be constantly aware of rapidly changing and
unpredictable environments and to react adaptively. Previous studies have found that soccer …

Historically, it was thought that healthy humans predominantly described their breathing as a
sense of increased work or effort (W/E) during maximal exercise. However, emerging data …