Background The effects of vitamin D on fractures, falls, and bone mineral density are
uncertain, particularly for high vitamin D doses. We aimed to determine the effect of vitamin …

Objective To investigate whether vitamin D supplementation is associated with lower
mortality in adults. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled …

Importance Observational studies have reported an association between low serum vitamin
D levels and elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, but such studies cannot …

Objective The development of these guidelines is sponsored by the American Association of
Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Board of Directors and American College of Endocrinology …

ABSTRACT Abbreviations: AACE= American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists AFF=
atypical femur fracture ASBMR= American Society for Bone and Mineral Research BEL …

Objective To determine whether increasing calcium intake from dietary sources affects bone
mineral density (BMD) and, if so, whether the effects are similar to those of calcium …

Background A large number of observational studies have reported harmful effects of low 25-
hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels on non-skeletal outcomes. We performed a systematic …

Background Vitamin D and related compounds have been used to prevent osteoporotic
fractures in older people. This is the third update of a Cochrane review first published in …

Background Findings from recent meta-analyses of vitamin D supplementation without co-
administration of calcium have not shown fracture prevention, possibly because of …

Background Available evidence on the effects of vitamin D on mortality has been
inconclusive. In a recent systematic review, we found evidence that vitamin D 3 may …