Leptin is the most critical hormone in the homeostatic regulation of energy balance among
those so far discovered. Leptin primarily acts on the neurons of the mediobasal part of …

Communication between the periphery and the brain is key for maintaining energy
homeostasis. To do so, peripheral signals from the circulation reach the brain via the …

Under conditions leading to aging and metabolic syndrome, the hypothalamus atypically
undergoes proinflammatory signaling activation leading to a chronic and stable background …

Under normal physiological conditions, leptin and the leptin receptor (ObR) regulate the
body weight by balancing food intake and energy expenditure. However, this adipocyte …

The consumption of W estern diets, high in sugar and saturated fat, is a crucial contributor to
the alarming incidence of obesity and its associated morbidities. These diets have been …

Diet-induced obesity leads to devastating and common chronic diseases, fueling ongoing
interest in determining new mechanisms underlying both obesity and its consequences. It is …

The NF-κB pathway plays an important role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune
diseases. Recently, NF-κB has also been suggested as an important mechanism linking …

When challenged with a variety of inflammatory threats, multiple systems across the body
undergo physiological responses to promote defense and survival. The constellation of …

The hypothalamus is one of the master regulators of various physiological processes,
including energy balance and nutrient metabolism. These regulatory functions are mediated …

Inflammatory reaction is a fundamental defense mechanism against threat towards normal
integrity and physiology. On the other hand, chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 …