In people living with HIV (PLWH) who are failing or unable to access combination
antiretroviral therapy (cART), monocytes and macrophages are important drivers of …

Cholesterol homeostasis is essential in normal physiology of all cells. One of several
proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis is the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 …

Background COVID-19 infection is epidemic worldwide. We describe the serum lipid profile
of the patients with COVID-19 infection. Methods In this retrospective study, we collected the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Pathophysiological similarities between
chronic infections and atherosclerosis triggered interest in a clinical association between …

Macrophages are essential innate immune cells that contribute to host defense during
infection. An important feature of macrophages is their ability to respond to extracellular cues …

This book explains the growing field of syndemic theory and research, a framework for the
analysis and prevention of disease interactions that addresses underlying social and …

Lipid profile alterations have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) in relation to disease severity and mortality. We conducted a systematic review …

It is currently unclear what causes the chronic inflammation within atherosclerotic plaques.
One emerging paradigm suggests that infection with bacteria and/or viruses can contribute …

The HIV accessory protein negative factor (Nef) is one of the earliest and most abundantly
expressed viral proteins. It is also found in the serum of infected individuals (Caby MP …