Theory of mind in nonhuman primates

CM Heyes - Behavioral and brain sciences, 1998 - cambridge.org
Since the BBS article in which Premack and Woodruff (1978) asked “Does the chimpanzee
have a theory of mind?,” it has been repeatedly claimed that there is observational and …

Theory of mind and decision science: Towards a typology of tasks and computational models

T Rusch, S Steixner-Kumar, P Doshi, M Spezio… - Neuropsychologia, 2020 - Elsevier
The ability to form a Theory of Mind (ToM), ie, to theorize about others' mental states to
explain and predict behavior in relation to attributed intentional states, constitutes a hallmark …

Ocular pigmentation in humans, great apes, and gibbons is not suggestive of communicative functions

KR Caspar, M Biggemann, T Geissmann, S Begall - Scientific reports, 2021 - nature.com
Pigmentation patterns of the visible part of the eyeball, encompassing the iris and portions of
the sclera, have been discussed to be linked to social cognition in primates. The cooperative …

The evolutionary drivers of primate scleral coloration

AS Mearing, JM Burkart, J Dunn, SE Street, K Koops - Scientific Reports, 2022 - nature.com
The drivers of divergent scleral morphologies in primates are currently unclear, though white
sclerae are often assumed to underlie human hyper-cooperative behaviours. Humans are …

Scleral pigmentation leads to conspicuous, not cryptic, eye morphology in chimpanzees

JO Perea-García, ME Kret… - Proceedings of the …, 2019 - National Acad Sciences
Gaze following has been argued to be uniquely human, facilitated by our depigmented,
white sclera [M. Tomasello, B. Hare, H. Lehmann, J. Call, J. Hum. Evol. 52, 314–320 (2007)] …

Quantifying gaze conspicuousness: Are humans distinct from chimpanzees and bonobos?

AS Mearing, K Koops - Journal of Human Evolution, 2021 - Elsevier
The study of primate gaze interactions (gaze following and gaze aversion, as examples) is
commonly used to examine, through experimentation and/or observation, the evolution of …

Cooperation and deception in primates

K Hall, SF Brosnan - Infant Behavior and Development, 2017 - Elsevier
Though competition and cooperation are often considered opposing forces in an arms race
driving natural selection, many animals, including humans, cooperate in order to mitigate …

The adaptive significance of human scleral brightness: an experimental study

S Wacewicz, JO Perea-García, Z Lewandowski… - Scientific Reports, 2022 - nature.com
Homogeneously depigmented sclerae have long been proposed to be uniquely human—an
adaptation to enable cooperative behaviour by facilitating interpersonal coordination …

The role of early social rearing, neurological, and genetic factors on individual differences in mutual eye gaze among captive chimpanzees

WD Hopkins, MM Mulholland, LA Reamer… - Scientific Reports, 2020 - nature.com
Mutual eye gaze plays an important role in primate social development and communication.
In the current study, we examined the underlying experiential, genetic, and neuroanatomical …

Sex differences in ocular morphology in Caucasian people: a dubious role of sexual selection in the evolution of sexual dimorphism of the human eye

DP Danel, S Wacewicz, K Kleisner… - Behavioral Ecology and …, 2020 - Springer
The horizontal size of the exposed depigmented sclera in Caucasians has been previously
suggested to be sexually dimorphic, and the significance of this phenomenon remains …