The past few decades have seen a rapid increase in the use of functional near‐infrared
spectroscopy (fNIRS) in cognitive neuroscience. This fast growth is due to the several …

Comorbidities are a hallmark of stroke that both increase the incidence of stroke and worsen
outcome. Hypertension is prevalent in the stroke population and the most important …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a unique view of the working
human mind. The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, detected in fMRI, reflects …

Background The functional modulation of blood flow in the brain is critical for brain health
and is the basis of contrast in functional magnetic resonance imaging. There is evident …

There is increasing evidence that cerebrovascular dysfunction plays a role not only in
vascular causes of cognitive impairment but also in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular risk …

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become a relevant research tool in neuroscience. In
special populations such as infants and for special tasks such as walking, NIRS has …

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. Its prodromal stage amnestic
mild cognitive impairment is characterized by deficits of anterograde episodic memory. The …

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a lifelong process encompassing a broad spectrum of
cognitive disorders, ranging from subtle or mild deficits to prodromal and fully developed …

Hypoxia is a state of reduced oxygen supply and excessive oxygen consumption. According
to the duration of hypoxic period, it can be classified as acute and chronic hypoxia. Both …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular diseases share common vascular risk factors
that have disastrous effects on cerebrovascular regulation. Endothelial cells, lining inner …