The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1R) families are of paramount
importance in coordinating the early immune response to pathogens. Signaling via most …

Toll-like receptor–driven and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor–driven inflammation mediated by
IL-1 receptor–associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is involved in the pathophysiology of hidradenitis …

Cytokines in cardiac tissue plays a key role in progression of cardiometabolic diseases and
cardiotoxicity induced by several anticancer drugs. Interleukin-1β is one on the most studied …

Pinostrobin is a natural flavonoid with valuable pharmacological properties, including anti-
cancer, anti-viral, and anti-oxidant activities. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of …

Summary Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs)− 4,− 2, and− 1 are involved in
transducing signals from Toll-like receptors (TLRs) via the adaptor myeloid differentiation …

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is an essential mediator of the IL-1R and
TLR signaling pathways, both of which have been implicated in multiple autoimmune …

Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is crucial to immune cascades
mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). MyD88 …

We developed a system for optogenetic release of single molecules in cells. We confined
soluble and transmembrane proteins to the Golgi apparatus via a photocleavable protein …

Myddosome is an oligomeric complex required for the transmission of inflammatory signals
from TLR/IL1Rs and consists of MyD88 and IRAK family kinases. However, the molecular …

Abstract IL‐1 receptor (IL‐1R) signaling can activate thresholded invariant outputs and
proportional outputs that scale with the amount of stimulation. Both responses require the …