Transient electromagnetic forces in radial and axial directions induce critical mechanical
stress on windings and transformers. In this paper, short-circuit electromagnetic forces that …

The inter-turn fault is a common internal fault in the windings of transformers. This fault can
cause the increase of transformer leakage flux. In this paper, the leakage inductance caused …

Electromagnetic forces in power transformer windings are produced by interaction between
the leakage fluxes and current passing them. Since the leakage flux distribution along the …

The power and distribution transformers must be properly designed to operate in a variety of
conditions and manufactured following all applicable international standards to provide a …

This paper deals with the problem of the leakage inductance calculations in power
transformers. Commonly, the leakage flux in the air zone is represented by short-circuit …

This paper reviews the published work on power transformers for assessment of the
electrical, magnetic losses, and electromagnetic forces produced during normal and short …

The article presents the calculation of the leakage inductance in power transformers. As a
rule, the leakage flux in the transformer window is represented by the short-circuit …

This paper presents the accurate energy method for calculation of leakage reactance of
wound core transformers. It takes into consideration the curvature of the winding. The energy …

Geomagnetic disturbances that result from solar activities can affect technological systems
such as power networks. They may cause DC currents in power networks and saturation of …

This work deals with the representation of three-phase and three-limb transformers in two
dimensions using FEMM (finite element methods on magnetics). The transformer …