The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Adenosine receptors (ARs) comprise a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) which
mediate the physiological actions of adenosine. To date, four AR subtypes have been …

Purinergic signaling plays important roles in control of vascular tone and remodeling. There
is dual control of vascular tone by ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from …

In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is
further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely …

Adenosine acts in parallel as a neuromodulator and as a homeostatic modulator in the
central nervous system. Its neuromodulatory role relies on a balanced activation of inhibitory …

Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time.
After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular …

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex multifactorial disorder, affecting approximately 2.5–3/1000
live term births, and up to 22/1000 prematurely born babies. CP results from injury to the …

Preterm birth is an evolving challenge in neonatal health care. Despite declining mortality
rates among extremely premature neonates, morbidity rates remain very high. Currently …

Adenosine is an endogenous ubiquitous purine nucleoside, which is increased by hypoxia,
ischaemia and tissue damage and mediates a number of physiopathological effects by …

Adenosine and adenosine receptors (ARs) are increasingly recognized as important
therapeutic targets for controlling cognition under normal and disease conditions for its dual …