Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can convert heat to electricity based on the temperature
difference between their hot and cold sides. However, during practical operations, low …

To deal with the problem of low thermoelectric conversion efficiency in thermoelectric power
generation (TEG), this work designs an improved immune genetic algorithm (IIGA) to …

The technological, economic, and environmental benefits of photovoltaic (PV) systems have
led to their wide-spread adoption in recent years as a source of electricity generation …

Owing to environment deterioration (Xi et al., 2016), fossil energy depletion, and air
contamination, the reform of the energy structure and the development (Yang et al., 2020a; …

The 'mismatch losses' problem is commonly encountered in distributed photovoltaic (PV)
power generation systems. It can directly reduce power generation. Hence, PV array …

The stochastic and erratic behavior of solar photovoltaic (SPV) is a challenge, especially
due to changing meteorological conditions. During a partially irradiated SPV system, the …

A precise and reliable proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) parameter
identification performs an essential function in simulation analysis, optimal control, and …

Since the performance of the Photo-Voltaic (PV) arrays is dependent on irradiation and
temperature, the PV output power fluctuates with the ambient temperature and the solar …

One of the main issues of the application of photovoltaic (PV) system in practice is the
mismatch between PV modules caused by partial shading (PS)(Iqbal et al., 2021; Zhao et …

The major focus in photovoltaic systems is maximum power point tracking under uniform and
determinant seasonal changes. A various shading criterion induces a number of power …