Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential cofactor for two metabolic pathways. It is obtained
principally from food of animal origin. Cobalamin becomes bioavailable through a series of …

Vitamin B12 is assimilated and transported by complex mechanisms that involve three
transport proteins, intrinsic factor (IF), haptocorrin (HC) and transcobalamin (TC) and their …

Vitamin B12 plays a key role in DNA stability. Research indicates that vitamin B12 deficiency
leads to indirect DNA damage, and vitamin B12 supplementation may reverse this effect …

Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vegan diets has been rapidly increasing
in most countries. Misconceptions about vegan diets are widespread among the general …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common chronic neurodegenerative disease and is
characterized by motor dysfunctions. Pathogenic mutations in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 …

In this overview, the latest achievements in dietary origins, absorption mechanism,
bioavailability assay, health advantages, cutting-edge encapsulation techniques, fortification …

Objectives: Identify common sources of cobalt exposure and resultant toxicity. Describe the
pathophysiology of cobalt toxicity and the resulting clinical presentation. Outline potential …

Background Clinical and biochemical vitamin B 12 (B 12) deficiency is lower than
anticipated in vegetarians. Extraileal absorption, such as from the colon, as well as reduced …

Puberty is a crucial developmental stage in the life span, necessary to achieve reproductive
and somatic maturity. Timing of puberty is modulated by and responds to central …

Cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) and aquo/hydroxocobalamin (HOCbl) are the forms of vitamin
B12 that are most commonly used for supplementation. They are both converted to …