As sessile species and without the possibility of escape, plants constantly face numerous
environmental stresses. To adapt in the external environmental cues, plants adjust …

Plants frequently have to weather both biotic and abiotic stressors, and have evolved
sophisticated adaptation and defense mechanisms. In recent years, chromatin modifications …

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a biological process in which non-coding RNA
molecules direct the addition of DNA methylation to specific DNA sequences. The RdDM …

Background Methylation of nucleotides, notably in the forms of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in
DNA and N 6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) in mRNA, carries important information for gene …

A growing number of functions are emerging for RNA interference (RNAi) in the nucleus, in
addition to well-characterized roles in post-transcriptional gene silencing in the cytoplasm …

The present day's ongoing global warming and climate change adversely affect plants
through imposing environmental (abiotic) stresses and disease pressure. The major abiotic …

The persistent triploid endosperms of cereal crops are the most important source of human
food and animal feed. The development of cereal endosperms progresses through …

Chromatin regulation is essential to regulate genes and genome activities. In plants, the
alteration of histone modification and DNA methylation are coordinated with changes in the …

Cytosine DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic mark that is crucial for diverse biological
processes, including gene and transposon silencing, imprinting and X chromosome …

Homologous recombination-based gene targeting is a powerful tool for precise genome
modification and has been widely used in organisms ranging from yeast to higher organisms …