Disclaimer This article is based on recommendations from the 12th WALT Congress, Nice,
October 3-6, 2018, and a follow-up review of the existing data and the clinical observations …

A growing body of evidence supports the modulation of pain by light exposure. As such,
phototherapy is being increasingly utilized for the management of a variety of pain …

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been investigated because of its intimate
relationship with tissue recovery processes, such as on peripheral nerve damage. Based on …

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common disorder affecting men and women.
Finasteride and minoxidil are well-known, effective treatment methods, but patients who …

Neuropathic pain can be defined as pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or
dysfunction in the central or peripheral nervous system. The low level laser therapy (LLLT) …

Neuropathic pain is an important problem because of its complex natural history, unclear
etiology, and poor response to standard physical therapy agents. It causes severe disability …

Background and Objective Various irradiances have been reported to be beneficial for the
treatment of neuropathic pain with near infrared light. However, the mechanistic basis for the …

Phototherapy has demonstrated positive effects in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury,
but there is a need to investigate the dosimetric parameters. Thus, the aim of the present …

Sensitization of central pain and inflammatory pathways play essential roles in migraine, a
primary neurobiological headache disorder. Since hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is …

High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) has been gaining popularity in the treatment of chronic
musculoskeletal pain, including vulvodynia. The objective of this study was to critically …