Spexin (SPX) and galanin (GAL) are two neuropeptides that are phylogenetically related
and have descended from a common ancestral gene. Considerable attention has been …

It is essential for the species survival that an efficient coordination between energy storage
and reproduction through endocrine regulation. The neuropeptide galanin, one of the …

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an extremely common polymer that is used in typical everyday
products throughout the world, especially in food and beverage containers. Within the last …

Ovulation is essential for the propagation of the species and involves a proteolytic
degradation of the follicle wall for the release of the fertilizable oocyte. However, the precise …

A functional role of the neuropeptide galanin, executed through the three G-protein coupled
receptor subtypes GAL₁₋ ₃, has been demonstrated in many biological systems and …

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder without
definitive treatments. Orexin and Substance-P (SP) neuropeptides can affect the ovarian …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with wide
distribution and diverse effects. Its presence has not only been revealed in the nervous …

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifactorial and polygenic
disorder of the endocrine system, affecting up to 20% of women in reproductive age with a …

Maternal obesity causes a wide range of impairments in offspring, such as metabolic and
reproductive dysfunctions. We previously demonstrated that female offspring of obese rats …

The production of a mature oocyte that is capable of being fertilized and undergoing embryo
development is the major function of the female reproductive system. This process depends …