What is known about the biological activity of fish cytokines is reviewed. Most of the
functional studies performed to date have been in teleost fish, and have focused on the …

Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their signaling pathways have essential roles in
recognizing various components of pathogens as well as damaged cells and triggering …

The environment in which teleosts exist can experience considerable change. Short-term
changes can occur in relation to tidal movements or adverse weather events. Long-term …

Abstract Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the first cytokines expressed during immune
responses, and its levels are affected by many factors, including stress. To date, it has only …

Pyroptosis is a newly defined gasdermin (GSDM)-dependent inflammatory type of
programmed cell death. Different from mammals, which have a panel of pyroptotic GSDM …

The potential benefits of probiotics when administering to fish could improve aquaculture
production. The objective of this study was to examine the modulation of immune status and …

Increasing evidence has indicated that acute strenuous exercise can induce a range of
adverse reactions including oxidative stress and tissue inflammation. However, little is …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in inducing inflammatory responses;
they recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular …

Skeletal muscle in mammals can express and secrete immune-related molecules during
pathogen infection. Despite in fish is known that classical immune tissues participate in …