Inorganic scaling caused by precipitation of sparingly soluble salts at supersaturation is a
common but critical issue, limiting the efficiency of membrane-based desalination and brine …

In this report we review the fundamentals, applications and future tendencies of dynamic
atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. Our focus is on understanding why the changes …

Atomic force microscopy is an amazing technique that allies a versatile methodology (that
allows measurement of samples in liquid, vacuum or air) to imaging with unprecedented …

Since their discovery more than a decade ago, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have held
scientists and engineers in captive fascination, seated on the verge of enormous …

Written by three leading experts in the field, this book describes and explains all essential
aspects of scanning probe microscopy. Emphasis is placed on the experimental design and …

Filling a gap in the literature, this book features in-depth discussions on amplitude
modulation AFM, providing an overview of the theory, instrumental considerations and …

Since it was invented by Binnig et al in 1986, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has played a
crucial role in nano-scale science and technology. AFM is a microscopic technique imaging …

We investigated the influence of the relative humidity on amplitude and phase of the
cantilever oscillation while operating an atomic force microscope (AFM) in the tapping mode …

Amplitude-modulation (tapping mode) atomic force microscopy is a technique for high
resolution imaging of a wide variety of surfaces in air and liquid environments. Here by using …

We propose a general method for describing tapping-mode atomic-force microscopy. The
combined participation of attractive and repulsive interactions determines the multivalued …