Voltage-gated Na+ channels play important functional roles in the generation of electrical
excitability in most vertebrate and invertebrate species. These channels are members of a …

Voltage-gated Na+-permeable (Nav) channels form the basis for electrical excitability in
animals. Nav channels evolved from Ca2+ channels and were present in the common …

The sodium channel Nav1. 6, encoded by the gene SCN8A, is one of the major voltage-
gated channels in human brain. The sequences of sodium channels have been highly …

The classical (two-round) hypothesis 1 of vertebrate genome duplication proposes two
successive whole-genome duplication (s)(polyploidizations) predating the origin of fishes, a …

Covering: up to 2006Advances in NMR and mass spectrometry as well as in peptide
biochemistry coupled to modern methods in electrophysiology have permitted the isolation …

We investigated whether the evolution of electric organs and electric signal diversity in two
independently evolved lineages of electric fishes was accompanied by convergent changes …

Approximately 75% of vertebrate proteins belong to protein families encoded by multiple
evolutionarily related genes, a pattern that emerged as a result of gene and genome …

In many mammalian neurons, dense clusters of ion channels at the axonal initial segment
and nodes of Ranvier underlie action potential generation and rapid conduction. Axonal …

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is an extremely toxic marine neurotoxin. TTX inhibits voltage-gated
sodium channels, resulting in a potentially lethal inhibition of neurotransmission. Despite …

Control and modulation of electrical signaling is vital to normal physiology, particularly in
neurons, cardiac myocytes, and skeletal muscle. The orchestrated activities of variable sets …