Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional
communication between the gut and the brain suggesting that the gut microbes may shape …

Starch is an essential source of energy for the human diet. Resistant starch is the portion of
starch that is not digested in the small intestine and is fermented in the colon by …

Abstract In 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics
(ISAPP) convened a panel of experts specializing in nutrition, microbial physiology …

Research into the role of the gut microbiome in modulating brain function has rapidly
increased over the past 10 years, albeit chiefly in animal models. Increasing clinical and …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of
dietary fibre in the gastrointestinal tract, are speculated to have a key role in microbiota–gut …

In recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained tremendous attention
attributed to their unique properties. Notably, evidence has shown that zinc is an important …

The metabolic syndrome is prevalent in developed nations and accounts for the largest
burden of non-communicable diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome has direct …

Cereals and legumes are outstanding sources of macronutrients, micronutrients,
phytochemicals, as well as antinutritional factors. These components present a complex …

Key points Chronic (psychosocial) stress changes gut microbiota composition, as well as
inducing behavioural and physiological deficits. The microbial metabolites short‐chain fatty …

Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is produced through microbial fermentation of
dietary fibers in the lower intestinal tract. Endogenous butyrate production, delivery, and …