Over the past two decades, intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), that is, a method where
athletes live at or near sea level but train under hypoxic conditions, has gained …

Adaptation to living or training in hypoxic environments (altitude training) continues to gain
interest from sport scientists and endurance athletes. Here we present the first meta-analytic …

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was defined by Hill and Lupton in 1923 as the oxygen
uptake attained during maximal exercise intensity that could not be increased despite further …

2007. At the Olympic level, differences in performance are typically less than 0.5%. This
helps explain why many contemporary elite endurance athletes in summer and winter sport …

Breathing is unquestionably a key function of the human body; it sustains life by providing
oxygen needed for metabolism and removing the by-product of these reactions, carbon …

The benefits of living and training at altitude (HiHi) for an improved altitude performance of
athletes are clear, but controlled studies for an improved sea-level performance are …

The effect of live high-train low on hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and red cell volume (RCV) in
elite endurance athletes is still controversial. We expected that Hbmass and RCV would …

This study investigates whether a 6-wk intermittent hypoxia training (IHT), designed to avoid
reductions in training loads and intensities, improves the endurance performance capacity of …

Background: One of the goals of altitude training is to increase blood oxygen-carrying
capacity in order to improve sea-level endurance performance in athletes. The elevated …

For nearly half a century, athletes have used “altitude training” to enhance sea level
performance. Both altitude acclimatization and hypoxic exercise have been proposed as …