Regulatory T (Treg) cells, possess a strategic role in the maintenance of immune
homeostasis, and their function has been closely linked to development of diverse …

Methotrexate (MTX) has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for about
forty years and to date MTX remains the part of global standard of treatment for RA. The …

Adenosine is an endogenous purine-based nucleoside expressed nearly in all body tissues.
It regulates various body functions by activating four G-protein coupled receptors, A 1, A 2A …

Highlights•Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 125 million people
worldwide.•The intracellular pathways JAK-STAT, PDE4, S1P, A 3 AR and NF-κB have been …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to joint damage and
even disability. Although there are various clinical therapies for RA, some patients still have …

Opioids are excellent analgesics for the clinical treatment of various types of acute and
chronic pain, particularly cancer-related pain. Nevertheless, it is well known that opioids …

Adenosine receptors are P1 class of purinergic receptors that belong to G protein‐coupled
receptors. There are 4 subtypes of adenosine receptors, namely A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 …

Traditionally, platelets are known to play an important role in haemostasis and thrombosis;
however, they serve also as important modulators of inflammation and immunity. Platelets …

Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, non-communicable skin disorder that
affects a patient's social and emotional well-being. It is characterized by hyperproliferation of …

Exogenous adenosine and its metabolite inosine exert anti-inflammatory effects in
synoviocytes of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We analyzed …