We derive a discrete predator–prey model from first principles, assuming that the prey
population grows to carrying capacity in the absence of predators and that the predator …

The refuge effect is critical in ecosystems for stabilizing predator-prey interactions. The
purpose of this research was to investigate the complexities of a discrete-time predator-prey …

The objective of this study is to investigate the complexity of a discrete predator‐prey system.
The discretization is achieved using the piecewise constant argument method. The …

The complex dynamics of a slow-fast predator-prey interaction with herd behavior are
examined in this work. We investigate the presence and stability of fixed points. By …

Spiral waves are a type of typical pattern in open reaction-diffusion systems far from
thermodynamic equilibrium. The study of spiral waves has attracted great interest because …

In many environments, predators have significantly longer lives and meet several
generations of prey, or the prey population reproduces rapidly. The slow–fast effect can best …

Missing values in the k-NN algorithm are a significant research concern, especially in
lowgrade tumours and CSF fluid, which are commonly identified in MRI scans. Missing …

The study of genetically engineered macrophages killing tumor cells has become the most
promising new direction of cancer therapy. In this paper, we consider discrete macrophages …

This paper examines a discrete predator-prey model's complex dynamics. Using bifurcation
and center manifold theory, we study period-doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations at …

This work investigates the complex dynamics of a discrete-time predator–prey system with a
nonlinear Allee effect. We obtain the discrete system using the piecewise constant argument …