The correlation between dysfunction in the glutamatergic system and neuropsychiatric
disorders, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, is undisputed. Both …

One of the most salient features defining modern humans is our remarkable cognitive
capacity, which is unrivaled by any other species. Although we still lack a complete …

Dendritic spines, the postsynaptic compartments of excitatory neurotransmission, have
different shapes classified from 'stubby'to 'mushroom-like'. Whereas mushroom spines are …

The structural organization of excitatory inputs supporting spike-timing-dependent plasticity
(STDP) remains unknown. We performed a spine STDP protocol using two-photon (2P) …

Dendritic spines are the primary site of excitatory synaptic input onto neurons, and are
biochemically isolated from the parent dendritic shaft by their thin neck. However, due to the …

Synapses are the fundamental units of information processing in the mammalian brain.
Much of our understanding of their functional properties comes from voltage-clamp analysis …

Triggering physiological responses with a light switch has become a reality with the
development of smart molecular probes such as photolabile protecting groups (PPGs), able …

Abstract Changes in the size of the synaptic junction are thought to have significant
functional consequences. We used focused ion beam milling and scanning electron …

Dendritic spines are the main receptacles of excitatory information in the brain. Their
particular morphology, with a small head connected to the dendrite by a slender neck, has …

Purkinje cells in the cerebellum are among the largest neurons in the brain and have been
extensively investigated in rodents. However, their morphological and physiological …