Paired box 9 (PAX9) is a transcription factor of the PAX family functioning as both a
transcriptional activator and repressor. Its functional roles in the embryonic development of …

Maldevelopment of the pharyngeal endoderm, an embryonic tissue critical for patterning of
the pharyngeal region and ensuing organogenesis, ultimately contributes to several classes …

The heart and aortic arch arteries in amniotes form a double circulation, taking oxygenated
blood from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. These major vessels …

The major vessels in mammals that take blood away from the heart and deliver it to the arms
and the head take their origin from the aortic arch and are derived from the arteries formed …

Disruption of cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) results in congenital heart disease, yet we
do not understand the cell fate dynamics as these cells differentiate to vascular smooth …

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common class of human birth defects, with a
prevalence of 0.9% of births. However, two-thirds of cases have an unknown cause, and …

Background TBX1 (T-box transcription factor 1) is a major candidate gene that likely
contributes to the etiology of velo-cardio-facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS) …

Cell plasticity plays a key role in embryos by maintaining the differentiation potential of
progenitors. Whether postnatal somatic cells revert to an embryonic-like naïve state …

Abstract Background The Pharyngeal Endoderm (PE) is an extremely relevant
developmental tissue, serving as the progenitor for the esophagus, parathyroids, thyroids …

BACKGROUND: The resiliency of embryonic development to genetic and environmental
perturbations has been long appreciated; however, little is known about the mechanisms …