The global emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a growing threat to
antibiotic therapy. The chromosomally encoded drug efflux mechanisms that are ubiquitous …

Emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in cultured fishes is one of the major
challenges faced in aquaculture. The high prevalence of bacterial infections in fishes leads …

Antibiotic resistance mechanisms reported in Gram-negative bacteria are causing a
worldwide health problem. The continuous dissemination of 'multidrug-resistant'(MDR) …

Plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was late in being discovered. Nalidixic
acid, the first quinolone to be used clinically, was introduced in 1967 for urinary tract …

Foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial microorganisms are common worldwide and
constitute a serious public health concern. In particular, microorganisms belonging to the …

Plasmids which are the mobile part of the bacterial genome can acquire and carry over
genes conferring antimicrobial resistance, thus contributing to rapid adaptation of bacterial …

The emergence of extensive drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella in livestock animals
especially in poultry represents a serious public health and therapeutic challenge. Despite …

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have been detected in aquatic environments in several countries.
Long-term exposure to low levels of antimicrobial agents provides selective pressure, which …

Quinolone resistance in bacterial pathogens has primarily been associated with mutations in
the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of bacterial type-II topoisomerases …

Salmonellosis is a major global foodborne infection, and strains that are resistant to a great
variety of antibiotics have become a major public health concern. The aim of this study was …