Strabismus correction surgery is the most common eye operation in children. Adults have
approximately a 4% lifetime risk of developing strabismus. Current treatment options include …

1. Clinical assessment of Graves' orbitopathy Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the most frequent
extrathyroid complication in Graves' disease. Natural history, described by Rundle, features …

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the application of botulinum toxin A (BTA) in the
management of strabismus in the adult and pediatric populations. Materials and methods: A …

Purpose: To review various treatment methods in thyroid eye disease (TED) related
strabismus. Methods: We searched in PubMed and Google Scholar and Ovid MEDLINE for …

There is a long and extensive experience with the use of Botulinum Toxin type A (BoNT-A)
injection in the treatment of different types of strabismus and oculomotor palsies. The …

The utility of extraocular cranial nerve electrophysiologic recordings lies primarily in the
operating room during skull base surgeries. Surgical manipulation during skull base …

Small retrospective studies have demonstrated the efficacy of botulinum toxin in the
treatment of many types of pediatric strabismus, providing some guidance for clinicians to …

Purpose To review the available evidence comparing the effectiveness of extraocular
muscle botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) injection with eye muscle surgery for restoring ocular …

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is a leading cause of orbital and strabismus symptoms
in adults. Over the last decade, new treatments have greatly changed available options to …

Background: Strabismus has an estimated incidence of 4% in the adult population.
Commonest causes include unresolved or recurrent childhood strabismus, sensory …