Background Because only 25% of cases of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) have a
known etiology, the aim of this review was to summarize the associations and mechanisms …

Endocrine disrupting (ED) chemicals are compounds that alter the normal functioning of the
endocrine system, potentially causing disease or deformity in organisms and their offspring …

Critical events of oogenesis occur during three distinct developmental stages: meiotic
initiation in the fetal ovary, follicle formation in the perinatal period, and oocyte growth and …

Widespread use of the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) in consumer
products has resulted in nearly continuous human exposure. In rodents, low-dose …

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with normal hormonal balance and
may exert adverse consequences on humans. The male reproductive system may be …

Endocrinology is an indispensable tool in threatened species research. The study of
endocrinology in threatened species not only advances knowledge of endocrine mechanism …

Many chemicals released into the environment display estrogenic activity including the oral
contraceptive ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and the plastic monomer bisphenol A (BPA). EE2 is …

During human and nonhuman primate pregnancy, an extensive blood vessel network is
established within the villous placenta to support fetal growth and follicles develop within the …

Background In animals, anogenital distance (AGD) at birth reflects androgen levels during
pregnancy and predicts adult AGD. Little is known about AGD in relation to female …

As the primary mediators of estrogen signaling in vertebrates, estrogen receptors (ERs) play
crucial roles in reproduction, development, and behavior. They are also the major mediators …