RAS family variants—most of which involve KRAS—are the most commonly occurring
hotspot mutations in human cancers and are associated with a poor prognosis. For almost …

Although RAS was formerly considered undruggable, various agents that inhibit RAS or
specific RAS oncoproteins have now been developed. Indeed, the importance of directly …

The protein phosphatase SHP2/PTPN11 has been reported to be a key modulator of
proliferative pathways in a wide range of malignancies. Intriguingly, SHP2 has also been …

This article presents a review of recent major advances in precision oncology and the future
implications of these advances, specifying the iterative progress achieved from the end of …

RAF inhibitors have transformed treatment for BRAF V600-mutant cancer patients, but
clinical benefit is limited by adaptive induction of ERK signaling, genetic alterations that …

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer and facilitates uncontrolled
growth through hyperactivation of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/mitogen-activated …

Introduction NF1 is a tumor suppressor gene encoding neurofibromin, an inhibitor of the
RAS/MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways. NF1 germline pathogenic variants …

Encoded by PTPN11, the Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2)
integrates signals from various membrane-bound receptors such as receptor tyrosine …

Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein
phosphatase that transduces signals from upstream receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)/non …

Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is the most frequently mutated
oncogene in human cancers with mutations predominantly occurring in codon 12. These …