Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism leading to post ischemic
stroke damage. After acute stroke, the sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow is most …

Ischemic stroke is one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions
of people across the globe. Cell injury in the infarct region is an inevitable consequence of …

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type within the central nervous system. They play
essential roles in maintaining normal brain function, as they are a critical structural and …

As a result of ischemia or hemorrhage, blood supply to neurons is disrupted which
subsequently promotes a cascade of pathophysiological responses resulting in cell loss …

Members of the nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
(GDNF) families—comprising neurotrophins and GDNF-family ligands (GFLs), respectively …

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting~ 80 million people
by 2020 (,). The condition is characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells …

Astrocytes, once believed to serve only as “glue” for the structural support of neurons, have
been demonstrated to serve critical functions for the maintenance and protection of neurons …

Exercise has multiple beneficial effects on health including decreasing the risk of
neurodegenerative diseases. Such effects are thought to be mediated (at least in part) by …

Interactions of CNS cells lead to the establishment of complex neural systems. Specifically,
oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around axons that enable rapid electrical conduction …

Despite the characterization of neuroprotection by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),
the signaling pathway mediating its protective effect is unclear. Bad is a proapoptotic …