Background This systematic review examines the evidence for preprocedural neuraxial
ultrasound as an adjunct to lumbar spinal and epidural anesthesia in adults. Methods We …

Caudal epidural block is a commonly used technique for surgical anesthesia in children and
chronic pain management in adults. It is performed by inserting a needle through the sacral …

Conclusions Our study showed that the ESP block injectate consistently spread to the
erector spinae muscles, neural foramina, and intercostal space. It was associated with …

Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is an interfascial plane block where a local anaesthetic is
injected in a plane preferably below the erector spinae muscle. It is supposed to work at the …

BACKGROUND: Spinal anesthesia using a surface landmark–guided technique can be
challenging in patients with anatomical alterations of the lumbar spine; however, it is unclear …

BACKGROUND: Multiple passes and attempts while administering spinal anesthesia are
associated with a greater incidence of postdural puncture headache, paraesthesia, and …

BACKGROUND: Preprocedural ultrasound may improve the efficacy and safety of epidural
catheterization, especially in difficult cases. Most studies of ultrasound-assisted epidural …

Although epidural analgesia is widely used for pain relief, it is associated with a significant
failure rate. Loss of resistance technique, tactile feedback from the needle, and surface …

Background Data are scarce on the advantage of ultrasound-guided spinal anaesthesia in
patients with easily identifiable bony landmarks. In this study, we compared the use of …

Background Thoracic epidural placement (TEP) using the conventional anatomic landmark-
based technique is technically challenging, may require multiple attempts, and is associated …