Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Advancements in the
treatment of CVD have reduced mortality rates, yet the global burden of CVD remains high …

Objective To review and synthesise the global evidence regarding the health effects of
electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes, vapes). Study design Umbrella review (based on major …

Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a diverse group of battery-powered
devices that aerosolise a liquid–often referred to as an 'e-liquid'–for inhalation. First …

Background Young people are disproportionately more likely than other age groups to use
substances. The rise in substance use and related harms, including overdose, during the …

Background The rapid increase in electronic nicotine product (ENP) use among young
people has been a global public health challenge, given the potential harm of ENPs and …

Objectives. To describe the recent global prevalence of e-cigarette use and to investigate its
associated factors among youths aged 12 to 16 years in 68 countries and territories …

Cardiovascular health (CVH) is a critical issue for global health. However, no previous study
has determined the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors based on the American Heart …

Introduction: Many non-regulatory interventions targeting children and youth have been
implemented at three levels: directed at the individual (eg, interactive video games) …

Background The Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU) partially harmonised the
regulation of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in Europe, but individual countries maintain …

International Journal of Epidemiology, 2023, 984–992 https://doi. org/10.1093/ije/dyad059
Advance Access Publication Date: 16 May 2023 Opinion as evidenced by common reported …