Sunscreens have been on the market for many decades as a means of protection against
ultraviolet-induced erythema. Over the years, evidence has also shown their efficacy in the …

Increasing evidence on the impact of the different wavelengths of sunlight on the skin
demonstrates the need for tailored recommendations of sunscreen according to skin …

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and noise are the ubiquitous environmental hazards with
considerable detrimental effects on the physiological and psychological health of humans …

The antioxidant system of the human body plays a crucial role in maintaining redox
homeostasis and has an important protective function. Carotenoids have pronounced …

Cutaneous photobiology studies have focused primarily on the ultraviolet portion of the solar
spectrum. Visible light (VL), which comprises 50% of the electromagnetic radiation that …

Human skin is not only affected by ultraviolet radiation but also by visible light wavelengths
emitted by sunlight, electronic devices, and light emitting diodes. Similar to the ultraviolet …

Excessive exposure to sunlight, especially UV irradiation, causes skin photodamage.
Sunscreens, such as TiO 2 and ZnO, can potentially prevent UV via scattering, reflection …

Photoprotection behaviors can mitigate skin damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, and
common methods include seeking shade, avoiding sun exposure during peak daylight …

Key challenges in the management of pigmentary disorders such as melasma and
postinflammatory hyperpigmentation are their resistance to treatment, tendency to recur after …

Topical sunscreen application is one of the most important photoprotection tool to prevent
sun damaging effects in human skin at the short and long term. Although its efficacy and …