This paper reviews the current state of the art for Virtual Reality (VR) and Virtual
Environment (VE) applications in the field of the built environment. The review begins with a …

Building Information Modeling (BIM) employs data-rich 3D CAD models for large-scale
facility design, construction, and operation. These complex datasets contain a large amount …

Construction scheduling is a very demanding and time intensive process. Building
information modeling (BIM) is becoming increasingly important for planning and scheduling …

Creating consistency among project schedule data, BIM, and payment applications requires
activities in a construction schedule to be mapped with the most relevant ASTM Uniformat …

Several challenges have been found in the current applications of building information
modelling/model (BIM) technology in large-scale mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) …

The development of large-scale projects has comprehensive effects on economic, social,
and environmental sustainability. These effects are closely related to the time of the …

Conventional risk assessment of physical work methods is time-consuming and requires
human subjects to perform the operational task; 3D visualization, alternatively, allows users …

Project teams face ever increasing pressure to deliver projects as quickly as possible. To
meet these demands, contractors are faced with the need to explore various construction …

Simulation is often used to model production processes with the aim of understanding and
improving them. In many cases, however, information produced by simulation is not detailed …

Current building assessment methods limit themselves in their environmental impact by
failing to consider the other two aspects of sustainability: the economic and the social. They …