Following the Cambrian Explosion and the appearance in the fossil record of most animal
phyla associated with a range of new body plans, the Ordovician and Silurian periods …

Changing components, rock textures, lithofacies, platform types and architecture throughout
time are unique characteristics of carbonate rocks. Characterizing these attributes has been …

Internal waves occur nearly ubiquitously in lakes and oceans yet their sedimentary records
remain largely unrecognized. Waves propagate at the interface between fluids of different …

Rarity is widely used to predict the vulnerability of species to extinction. Species can be rare
in markedly different ways, but the relative impacts of these different forms of rarity on …

The rock record contains a rich variety of sedimentary surface textures on siliciclastic
sandstone, siltstone and mudstone bedding planes. In recent years, an increasing number …

The shoreface is a seaward sloping, sandstone depositional wedge, and can be subdivided
into a lower, middle, and upper shoreface. The sediment wedge grades basinward into …

Belemnites are an extinct group of Mesozoic coleoid cephalopods with a fossil record
ranging from the early Late Triassic [about 240 million years ago (Mya)] to the Cretaceous …

Oligocene carbonate ramps and platforms are widespread and though they are important
carbonate reservoirs, detailed studies on the facies organization, platform type and internal …

Carbonate precipitation has been a common life strategy for marine organisms for 3.7 billion
years, as, therefore, has their construction of reefs. As favored by modern corals, reef …

Early marine seafloor lithification of carbonate sediments leads to the formation of
hardgrounds and is known from rocks as old as the Proterozoic. Hardground surfaces …