RNA silencing is a well-established antiviral immunity system in plants, in which small RNAs
guide Argonaute proteins to targets in viral RNA or DNA, resulting in virus repression. Virus …

Potyvirus is the largest genus of plant viruses causing significant losses in a wide range of
crops. Potyviruses are aphid transmitted in a nonpersistent manner and some of them are …

Plants are engaged in a continuous co-evolutionary struggle for dominance with their
pathogens. The outcomes of these interactions are of particular importance to human …

Viruses cause epidemics on all major cultures of agronomic importance, representing a
serious threat to global food security. As strict intracellular pathogens, they cannot be …

Double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) is a simple and rapid method of
silencing gene expression in a range of organisms. The silencing of a gene is a …

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an important regulator of gene expression in many
eukaryotes. It triggers different types of gene silencing that are collectively referred to as …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that
have recently emerged as important regulators of mRNA degradation, translational …

Transient gene expression is a fast, flexible and reproducible approach to high‐level
expression of useful proteins. In plants, recombinant strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens …

RNA silencing processes are guided by small RNAs that are derived from double-stranded
RNA. To probe for function of RNA silencing during infection of human cells by a DNA virus …

Duplexes of 21–23 nucleotide (nt) RNAs are the sequence-specific mediators of RNA
interference (RNAi) and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Synthetic, short …