Adverse reactions after food intake are commonly reported and a cause of concern and
anxiety that can lead to a very strict diet. The severity of the reaction can vary depending on …

The aim of this article is to summarize the pathways connecting the gut and the brain and to
highlight their role in the development of depression as well as their potential use as …

During the chronic stage of Schistosoma infection, the female lays fertile eggs, triggering a
strong anti‐parasitic type 2 helper T‐cell (Th2) immune response. It is unclear how this Th2 …

The hygiene hypothesis has been popularized as an explanation for the rapid increase in
allergic disease observed over the past 50 years. Subsequent epidemiological studies have …

Preeclampsia is a devastating hypertensive pregnancy disorder that currently affects 2%–
8% of pregnancies worldwide. It is associated with maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity …

Abstract The novel virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),
and the associated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) represent a pathogen to which …

Exposure to different environmental factors, social and socioeconomic factors promotes
development of the early-life adversity (ELA) phenotype. The persistence of this phenotype …

There are many 'faces' of early life adversity (ELA), such as childhood trauma,
institutionalisation, abuse or exposure to environmental toxins. These have been implicated …

In the second edition of An Introduction to the Geography of Health, Helen Hazen and Peter
Anthamatten explore the ways in which geographic ideas and approaches can inform our …

Immunosenescence is marked by a systemic process named inflammaging along with a
series of defects in the immunological activity that results in poor responses to infectious …