Background: A variety of facial nerve grading scales have been developed over the years
with the intended goals of objectively documenting facial nerve function, tracking recovery …

Peripheral nerve injuries have far-reaching implications for individuals and society, leading
to functional impairments, prolonged rehabilitation, and substantial socioeconomic burdens …

Craniofacial syndromes fall into two major categories—those associated with
craniosynostosis, and those associated with clefts. Each has a different set of potential …

Background Acute facial nerve iatrogenic or traumatic injury warrants rapid management
with the goal of reestablishing nerve continuity within 72 hours. However, reconstructive …

Background: Longstanding unilateral facial paralysis is best addressed with
microneurovascular muscle transplantation. Neurotization can be obtained from the cross …

Simple Summary The Maxilla and mandible provide skeletal support for of the middle and
lower third of our faces, allowing for the normal functioning of breathing, chewing …

Background Smiling is a fundamental component of social interactions. Significant
challenges arise for patients with facial palsy. One of the key procedures for dynamic smile …

Objectives/Hypothesis Facial palsy manifests a broad array of deficits affecting function,
form, and psychological well‐being. Assessment scales were introduced to standardize and …

Background: In unilateral facial palsy, cross-face nerve grafts are used for emotional facial
reanimation. Facial nerve regeneration through the grafts takes several months, and the …

Background: The treatment of long-standing facial palsy represents a challenge for the
reconstructive surgeon. Treatment is based on dynamic procedures such as functional …